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第十二讲：综合练习
一、选择填空练习
阅读下面的短文，文中有20处空白，每个空白处给出了四个选项。请根据短文的内容从四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。
to be a good student
many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. (1) a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the (2) in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. the (3) student is considered to be (4) who is motivated to learn for the sake of (5)-- not the one interested only in getting high grades. sometimes homework is returned (6) brief written comments but without a grade. even if a grade is not given, the student is (7) for learning the material assigned. when research is (8) the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (9) guidance. it is the (10) responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. professors do not gave the time to explain (11) a university library works; they expect students (12) graduate students to exhaust the reference (13) in the library. professors will help students who need it, but (14) that their students should not be (15) dependent on them. in the united states professors have many other duties (16) teaching, such as administrative or research work. (17), the time that a professor can spend with a student out side of class is (18). if a student has problems with classroom work the student should either (19) a professor during office hours (20) make an appointment.
1. a if b although c because d since
2. a suggestion b context c abstract d information
3. a poor b ideal c average d disappointed
4. a such b one c any d some
5. a fun b work c learning d prize
6. a by b in c for d with
7. a criticized b innocent c responsible d dismissed
8. a collected b distributed c assigned d finished
9. a maximum b minimum c possible d practical
10. a student"s b professor"s c assistant"s d librarian"s
11.a when b what b why d how
12. a particularly b essentially c obviously d rarely
13. a selections b collections c obviously d rarely
14. a hate b dislike c like d prefer
15. a too b such c much d more
16. a but b except c with d besides
17. a however b therefore c furthermore d nevertheless
18. a plentiful b limited c irregular d flexible
19. a greet b annoy c approach d attach
20. a or b and c to d but
参考答案：
1 a 2 d 3 b 4 b 5 c 6 d 7 c 8 c 9 b 10 a
11 d 12 a 13 c 14 d 15 a 16 d 17 b 18 b 19 c 20 a
二、完成句子练习
阅读下面的短文，短文后面有五个不完整的句子，根据短文的内容完成句子。每个句子的空白处只准填写一个单词，该单词的第一个（或前几个）字母已经给出。
american newspapers
no country in the world has more daily newspapers than the usa. there are almost 2,000 of them, as compared with 180 in japan, 164 in argentina and 111 in britain. the quality of some american papers is extremely high and their views are quoted (引用) all over the world. distinguished dailies like the washington post or the new york times have a powerful influence all over the country. however the post and the times are not national newspapers in the sense that the times is in britain or le monde is in france, since each american city has its own daily newspaper. the best of the these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news.
like the press in most other countries, american newspapers range from the "sensational", which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. but with few exceptions american newspapers try to entertain and give as much information as possible, for they have to compete with the attraction of television.
just as american newspapers satisfy all tastes, so do they also try and appeal to readers of all political persuasions. a few newspapers support extremist groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road americans who are essentially moderate. many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of differing political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture.
as in other countries american newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the american press serves its country well and that it has more than once courageously exposed political scandals or crimes, for instance, the watergate affair. the newspapers drew the attention of the public to the horrors of the vietnam war.
1. there are fewer n___________ newspapers in britain than in the usa.
2. most a________ newspapers try hard to entertain their readers therefore they have to write about crime, sex and gossip.
3. many american newspapers attract readers of different po_________ persuasions by supporting extremist groups from time to time.
4. in this passage, the word " press" means n________.
5. the passage is mainly about ch__________ of american newspapers.
参考答案：
1. national 2 american 3 political 4 newspapers 5 characteristics
三、概括大意练习
下面的一篇短文共分五段，每段说明一个主题。其主题可以用一个或几个单词表示出来。该单词或词组是不完整的，即有一个词是空出来的，但其第一个（或前几个）字母已经给出，请将蓁的字母补全，使之成为一个完整的单词。
conversation
1. a famous ma_______ of the art.
the ancient greeks were very good at making conversations, and the greatest talker of them all was philosopher socrates. his pupil plato, r***rded some of his supposed conversations, and we read them in "the dialogues" of plato. in many classrooms today, socrates" method of teaching is used.
2. what makes a good t_________
the best talkers appear to have had a great interest in and love for their fellow creatures; a curiosity about the world in general; some powers of observation and tolerance for those of others; and quick thinking. and they talked for the fun of it, not to show off their knowledge.
3. one important fa______ in conversation
a good voice must have the help of good speech, whose two assistants are clear enunciation and correct pronunciation. poor enunciation may suggest to your listeners that you lack consideration, and that you are not especially concerned about their opinion of you.
4. pronunciation and u______________
pronunciation is settled by common agreement of the community or group speaking the particular language or dialect. for standard pronunciations of words, a dictionary is your best friendly. the usage of words is somewhat the same as pronunciation. to be accurate in your use of words is very important in your conversation. dictionaries usually provide the usage of words. so whenever you meet with new words, it is a good idea to look them up in the dictionary.
5. talk with st__________.
think of meeting a stranger as a chance to have a good time to talk, to make a friend. look with a smile directly into the other"s eyes when you are introduced, and shake hands with a firm, friendly clasp. this will give you confidence. then try to have a smooth and pleasant conversation with him.
参考答案：
1 master 2 talker 3 factor 4 usage 5 strangers
四、完形填空练习
阅读下面短文，其中有十处空白，根据短文的内容在文中的空白处填上适当的字母，使之构成一个完整的单词。该单词的第一个字母已经给出。
heart
the heart is really just a very strong pump. it has four valves made of very thin, strong tissues. if the damage to the h( 1 is not too bad, we put in pieces of natural heart-valve, which are taken from other people w ( 2 have just died. if a damaged artery is not too big, we replace it with a piece of vein. we take the v( 3 from another part of the patient"s own body. the human body has more veins than it really needs.
but how can we operate on the heart? how does the blood continue to flow round the b( 4 ? here the engineers really have helped us. we use the heart-lung machine. it does the work of both the heart and the l( 5 . it pumps the patient"s blood out of a large vein near the heart and passes the blood through a "bath" of oxygen. the b( 6 is filled with oxygen, and other gases are taken away from it, as in our lunges. the m( 7 keeps the blood warm all the time. then it pumps the blood back into a large artery. it does all this in a very gentle way, the blood c( 8 are not damaged. so we can work on a heart which is empty of blood.
"if you aren"t breathing, and if our heart isn"t beating, you are d( 9 ," people used to say. but that is not true now. although the heart is not pumping, and the patient is not breathing, his blood is still going around his body w( 10) the help of the machine. he is very much alive. the heart-lung machine saves thousands of lives every year. it"s really a wonderful invention!
参考答案：
1 heart 2 who 3 vein 4 body 5 lungs 6 blood 7 machine 8 cells 9 dead 10 with