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passage 4with only about 1 000 pandas left in the world, china is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. that’s a move similar to what a texas a&m university researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “noah’s ark”.
dr. duane kraemer, a professor in texas a&m’s college of veterinary medicine and a pioneer in embryo（胚胎）transfer work and related procedures, said he salutes the chinese effort and “i wish them all the best success possible. it’s a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it’s very much like what we’re attempting here at texas a&m — to save animals from extinction”.
noah’s ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semens（精子）and dna of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. if certain species should become extinct, kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
it is estimated that as many as 2 000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. the panda, native only to china, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
this week, chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a japanese white rabbit. they are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
the entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
“the nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,” kraemer believes. “they will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. it takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. they are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the missyplicity project at texas a&m, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“they are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in noah’s ark. we’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. i certainly applaud their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. it’s a research that is very much needed.”
61. the aim of “noah’s ark” project is to ______.
a. salute the chinese efforts in saving pandas
b. implant embryo into a host animal
c. introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a japanese white rabbit
d. save endangered animals from extinction
62. how long will the chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?
a. 3 to 5 years. b. 1 year.
c. 25 years. d. 2 years.
63. the word “groundbreaking” (paragraph 7) can be interpreted as ______.
a. pioneering b. essentially new
c. epoch-making d. evolutionary
64. what could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to professor kraemer?
a. lack of host animals. b. lack of available panda eggs.
c. lack of funds. d. lack of qualified researchers.
65. the best title for the passage may be ______.
a. china’s efforts to clone pandas
b. china—the native place of pandas forever
c. exploring the possibility to clone pandas
d. china’s first cloned panda
passage 5
if there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil（畏缩）from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. if they have, today’s scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.
a book to be published in britain this week, the end of science, argues persuasively that this is the case. its author, john horgan, is a senior writer for scientific american magazine, who has interviewed many of today’s leading scientists and science philosophers. the shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to oxford mathematician and physicist sir roger penrose.
the end of science provoked a wave of denunciation (谴责) in the united states last year. “the reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief,” mr. horgan says.
the real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. if they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. since the triumphs of the 1960s — the genetic code, plate tectonics (板块构造说), and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the big bang — genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. more scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, that ever. yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.
were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today’s? that seems unlikely. a far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. “look, don’t get me wrong,” says mr. horgan. “there are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. i hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress.”
66. the sentence “most of the best things have already been located” could mean ______.
a. most of the best things have already been changed
b. most of the best things remain to be changed
c. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discovered
d. most secrets of the world have already been discovered
67. john horgan ______.
i. has published a book entitled the end of science
ii. has been working as an editor of scientific american
iii. has been working many years as a literary critic
iv. is working as a science writer
a. i and ii b. i only
c. i and iv d. i, ii and iv
68. there have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because ______.
a. there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental science
b. there are too many important things for scientists to study
c. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energy
d. today’s scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past
69. the term “the big bang” probably refers to ______.
a. the genetic code theory b. a geological theory
c. a theory of the origin of the universe d. the origin and the power of atomic energy
70. the best title of this passage can be ______.
a. great scientific discoveries will never be possible
b. the harsh challenge has to be met by modern scientists
c. the state sponsorship and scientific enterprise are all in vain
d. the chance for great scientific discoveries becomes scarce
part iv cloze (15 minutes, 10 points)
directions: in this part, there is a passage with twenty blanks. for each blank there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet with a single line through the center.
there is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically fulltime work for a social agency. just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 71 (vso) for young people before they take up full-time employment, 72 there are opportunities for overseas service for 73 technicians in developing countries. some people, 74 those who retire early, 75 their technical and business skills in countries 76 there is a special need.
so in considering voluntary or 77 community service there are more opportunities than there 78 were when one first began work. most voluntary organizations have only a small fulltime 79 , and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. this means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. 80 some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not 81 them by commercial criteria. the people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different 82 , both personal and 83 . one should not join them 84 to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the 85 , not business efficiency. because salaries are 86 or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. but many retired people take part in community service for 87 , simply because they enjoy the work.
many community activities possible 88 retirement were also possible during one’s working life but they are to be undertaken 89 seriously for that. retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 90 community service.
71. a. oversea b. over sea c. over seas d. overseas
72. a. as b. so c. then d. that
73. a. quantity b. qualifying c. quality d. qualified
74. a. partially b. partly c. particularly d. passionately
75. a. order b. operate c. offer d. occupy
76. a. which b. where c. as d. that
77. a. paying b. paid c. to be paid d. pay
78. a. before b. lately c. never d. ever
79. a. team b. number c. staff d. crowd
80. a. in b. by c. with d. through
81. a. look at b. comment c. enjoy d. judge
82. a. subjective b. subject c. objectives d. objects
83. a. organization b. organizational c. organized d. organizing
84. a. expecting b. to expect c. being expected d. expected
85. a. course b. cause c. case d. caution
86. a. little b. small c. large d. big
87. a. free b. freedom c. money d. something
88. a. before b. on c. in d. at
89. a. much b. very much c. no more d. no less
90. a. to be taken b. to take c. taking d. being taken
paper two 试卷二
（60 minutes）
part i error detection and correction (10 minutes, 10 points)
directions: each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked a, b, c and d. identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect. then, write down the corresponding letter and, without altering the meaning of the sentence, put the correction on the answer sheet.
1. the warm winter helped dry out alive trees and bushes, as well as the dead needles,
a b c
leaves and limbs on the ground beneath the trees.
d
2. researchers believe one way to minimizing the damage is to get better at predicting the a b c d
risk of fire.
3. indications that the moon underwent a heavy bombardment（撞击）date back the early
a b c d
1970s.
4. alongside these technical skills we need to extend and refine our social skills. the basis a b
of this is to avoid any sense of be a special category of person.
c d
5. there is never any need to feel shameless or even childish in wanting to move on to new a b c d
experiences.
6. only occasionally one could take a break out of season, getting the best bargains—
a b c
though not necessarily the best weather.
d
7. some people choose to go on cruises as a way of rewarding themselves. certainly if you a
have plenty of money this can be a good idea, though it may not turn off quite as expected.
b c d
8. overseas travel sounds excited and sometimes exotic but not everyone can afford it.
a b c d
9. many of the ships went down with valuable treasure; but none of them has made
a b
great treasure tales. as a good wine, treasure is improved by age.
c d
10. a lot of urban people come into the country and suddenly become terrible
a b c
concerned about its appearance and what the farmer is doing.
d
part ii translation (20 minutes, 10 points)
directions: translate the following passage into english. write your translation on the answer sheet.
过去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1950年，改变人类生活的发明有汽车、飞机、电话、收音机、电视机——当然还有核武器和计算机。而近50年来，只有为数不多的发明。难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗？答案并非如此。事实上，发明的新时代刚刚开始。
part iii writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
directions: for this part, you are to write a composition of 120~150 words on the following topic:
the greatest invention in the past century
in your composition, you should clearly state your opinion and give reasons to support your argument. write your composition on the answer sheet.